What type of liability case is initiated by an individual against another party?

The correct answer is civil liability, which encompasses cases initiated by an individual against another party seeking compensation or resolution for a wrong or injury caused by the other party's actions. In civil cases, the individual bringing the suit, known as the plaintiff, seeks restitution or damages for harm suffered, which can include physical injury, property damage, or emotional distress.

This type of liability case focuses on disputes between private individuals or entities, as opposed to criminal cases, which involve violations of laws that typically affect society as a whole and are prosecuted by the government. While tort cases are a subset of civil liability focused specifically on civil wrongs that result in harm or loss, civil liability covers a broader range of legal disputes, including contract breaches and property disputes. Administrative cases usually involve regulatory agencies enforcing compliance with laws and regulations rather than disputes between private parties.

Thus, civil liability suits can encompass tort cases but are not limited to them, making civil the most comprehensive classification for an individual initiating action against another party.